APOSTOLICS OR HENRICIANS
In Sermons 65 & 66 on the Canticles Bernhard of Clairvaux attacks those whom he calls Apostolics because they claimed to establish life according to the doctrine of the Apostles. However, he criticizes them with such an obscure style that it cannot be clearly understood, even by conjecture, whether he means the Petrobrusians, whom the Cluniac attacks, or others. He also rebukes Henry [of Lausanne] in his letters. Let us give these Apostolics of Bernard a special place [in our discussion]. For perhaps the followers of Peter Bruys taught various and different things.
He says they are ignorant peasants, uneducated, utterly contemptible; yet some from the clergy and bishops, indeed, even lay princes, deign to support them. So, from this it is evident that they were not so vile as he himself proclaims.
He only superficially skims over their doctrines in a cursory way, so that one must practically guess or divine what they actually were.
HENRICIANS’ PROPOSITIONS
1. Infants are not to be baptized.
2. They claim to have the power, every day at their own table, to consecrate the body and blood of Christ, so as to nourish themselves into the body of Christ and its members.
3. They claim that virgins alone should be joined in marriage, since God created male and female as virgins.
4. Chastity/continence is to be observed in marriage.
5. Purgatory by fire does not exist. The reason: because the soul, once released from the body, either passes over to rest in heaven, or to damnation in hell.
6. Prayers are not to be said for the dead.
7. Intercessions of the dead saints should not be requested.
8. One cannot be a Bishop if a sinner.
9. Milk, and whatever is made from it: likewise, everything that is produced from intercourse is not to be eaten.
10. They do not recognize the Church, namely the papal one, and therefore they assert it is no Church.
11. Oaths are unlawful.
Bernhard, however, connects many things when he says they strip away the orders of the Church, do not accept its institutions, despise its sacraments, do not obey its commandments. However, it is not explained how they did these things. In Sermon 65 he says: “These doctrines were received partly through investigation, partly heard from disputants, partly betrayed by those who returned to the papal Church.”
BERNARD’S REFUTATION
Bernhard, indeed, attempts to refute these propositions quite disdainfully and perfunctorily: some excerpts must be cited for the reader’s sake.
ON THE FIRST PROPOSITION
He asserts that infants are to be baptized with the faith of the Church, and he strives to show this by examples, that an alien faith has benefited others: as in Matthew 15, the faith of the Canaanite woman benefits her daughter. Matthew 9, the faith of the bearers joins the paralytic. 1 Timothy 2: A woman is saved by childbearing, etc. Therefore, he says, the faith of the Church benefits infants baptized for salvation. However, those examples do not fit, as we have warned above.
ON THE THIRD PROPOSITION
He asserts that marital intercourse does not demand bodily integrity [i.e., virginity], but only the suitability of the sexes [male and female]. Next, he quotes Paul from 1 Corinthians 7: ‘A woman is bound as long as her husband lives,’ and so on. And he permits widows to remarry.
ON THE FOURTH PROPOSITION
He says they must be forced to reject women, and thus maintain chastity, otherwise they are a scandal to the Church. He says nothing about priests or monks. Therefore, it seems likely that he attacks others than the Petrobrusians. To this are added other conjectures from other doctrines and rites, which differ.
ON THE FIFTH PROPOSITION
He counters with the statement from Matthew 12: [that there is] a sin which will not be forgiven either in this age or in the age to come. Yet Mark [3:29] explains this expression as ‘never’ meaning ‘never eternally.’ [N. B. Bernard insists this does not rule out the existence of Purgatory.]
ON THE EIGHTH PROPOSITION
He counters: Even though Caiaphas was a sinner, he is still called high priest; Judas the betrayer is still called an Apostle. Similarly, Matthew 23: ‘Upon the chair of Moses…’
ON THE NINTH PROPOSITION
Titus 2: All things are pure to the pure, and nothing is unclean except to him who considers something unclean.
ON THE TENTH PROPOSITION
He responds that light, that is, their life, does not approve this.
ON THE ELEVENTH PROPOSITION
This observation is very superstitious, he says. About their steadfastness, Bernard says: “Nor are they convinced by arguments because they do not understand; nor are they corrected by authorities because they do not accept them; nor are they swayed by persuasions because they are overturned. It has been proven that they choose to die rather than convert.” This is what he says. He adds that in the trial they objected and denied charges; this is possibly because they were accused of beliefs different from their teachings—a practice still common among Pontiffs today. However, he says that those who were present at the examination, after launching an attack on these men, butchered them — a crime which he himself indeed condemns. But he indicates that the magistrates ought to have carried this out by the sword. He also mentions that those condemned to death were led away with a cheerful countenance: which he attributes not to God, but to the hardening Devil.
He names Henry the heretic in a letter [241] to Ildefons, count of St. Aegidius, and writes thus about him: “He is an apostate man who having abandoned the habit of religion (for he was once a monk) has returned to the filthiness of the flesh and the world like a dog to its vomit. However, unable to bear living among his relatives and acquaintances because of the shame, or rather not permitted because of the magnitude of his crime, he girded up his loins and took a path he did not know becoming a wanderer and fugitive upon the earth. And when he began to beg, he put the Gospel to use for his own gain: for he was literate. And selling the word of God for money, he preached so that he might eat. If he could extort anything beyond sustenance from the simpler folk of the people, or from some matrons, he would squander it disgracefully through gambling or certainly on more shameful uses. Indeed, frequently after the daily applause of the people, on the following night, the distinguished preacher was found with prostitutes and sometimes even with married women. Inquire, if you please, noble man, how he left the city of Lausanne, how from Le Mans, how from Poitiers, how from Bordeaux: and there is nowhere open to him a way of return, since he left behind foul traces.” He later mentions that the Bishop of Ostia came to those places on account of this matter, sent by the Pope. He also writes to the people of Toulouse, preaching that they should flee from those heretics.
ANTICHRIST
When the Roman See arrogantly exalted itself above all kings of the world, not only the Bishops of the Church, but also all political magistrates worshipped the pride of the Roman idol, and in oppressing Caesar whatever that Auctolycus [Greek mythological trickster] ordered without any judgment and distinction they did, there were not lacking those who testified that this monstrous tyranny was the very mark of the Antichrist: concerning which Johannes Aventinus (d. 1534) writes thus:
“Then false prophets, false apostles, false priests arose, who with feigned religion deceived the people, wrought great signs and prodigies, and began to sit in the temple of God and exalt themselves above all that is worshiped. Therefore, they strive to establish their power and domination; they have extinguished Christian charity and simplicity. Sigebert [Belgian monk and historian; d. 1112] a writer of those times, a man as learned in all divine and human law as anyone could be in that age, says: ‘A most pernicious sedition, and, to speak of the peace of the good, a heresy most pestilential to all, struck the Christian people. The little sacrifices of one who called himself [ruler], effeminate boys, false prophets, tyrants (as our Emperor, the best prince, is not), to impose on the people for crimes—these, though given by God, they dare to teach the Christian people are not only not to be obeyed but to be removed by fraud, force, or any means. They preach perjuries, homicides, civil wars, slaughter, perfidy, and call these piety; they declare that such things please God. When asked by oath, bound to the Emperor by the religion of swearing, they disallow it: breaking faith, dissolving leagues, evading agreements, violating oaths, they demand to be believed though perfidious and perjured. Nay, they regard those who are faithful, who avoid rebellion, arson, rape, incest, plunder, oppression of neighbors, murder, robbery, and the shedding of Christian blood as the most serious to be guarded against, counted among the number of wicked and impious—as if there were no perpetual edict of the immortal Praetor: ‘He who breaks a pact shall not escape,’ and ‘the perjurers shall not possess the kingdom of God.’ Most of all the good, the open, the just, the ingenuous, the simple, then perceived that the empire of the Antichrist had begun because the things that Christ our Savior for so many years had foretold to us were seen to be happening at that time, and they transmitted them to the memory of letters,’ “ (Aventinus, book 5 of the Annals of Bavaria).
Florentinus, also a Bishop, asserted that the Antichrist is already born. But in the council he was oppressed by the power of the Roman prelate, as is explained in the chapter on Synods.
Moreover, many signs and innate characteristics of this Antichrist are presented to the reader in the chapter on Government.
SCHISM IN THE GALLICAN CHURCH CONCERNING THE WALDENSES OR POOR OF LYON
It seemed appropriate to place the public departure of the Waldensians from the Pontifical Church among schisms rather than among classes of heretics because they professed a purer doctrine by word, writings, and integrity of life; which will be made clear from the following mention to the pious elector.
In Gaul, around the year of our Lord 1160, in a gathering of confessors of the name of the Lord, a certain Peter the Waldensian (others call him Waldo) from the town of Wald, located in the march of Gaul, from where he originated, was so called, especially distinguished by piety. He was a citizen of Lyon, by no means obscure in learning, wisdom, and wealth. Therefore, from this man the name Waldensians was attributed to the whole assembly of those confessors as a sect. However, they were also called the Poor of Lyon from circumstance, because having distributed their goods to the poor, and having been deprived and stripped of their seats and possessions by the Roman Antichrist and his servants, they were compelled to wander in great poverty and to seek sustenance with their own hands. Finally, they were surnamed Leonists because Lyon is commonly called Leon, where this departure from the cohort of Pontiffs took place.
Nor is this sect recent, nor was it first born in this age: for even the writers of the pontificate freely acknowledge it existed in the times of Sylvester, indeed, even before him in the age of the Apostles. For since these were citizens of the true Church of Christ, not undeservedly is this testimony of antiquity also ascribed to them, even by their enemies. For the Church of God is perpetual, although sometimes more illustrious, sometimes more obscure.
The writers note the occasion of this: Some nobles had convened in Lyon to discuss their affairs; there, one suddenly collapsed and died in the sight of all the others. Seeing this sudden event, Peter the Waldensian, who was among them and not of the least authority, was greatly dismayed and began to think somewhat more attentively and seriously than before about the frailty of human life. Therefore, withdrawing his mind from excessive pursuit of worldly things, he read the Holy Bible more diligently than before; and similarly began to exhort others not to devote themselves entirely to the cares of worldly and fleeting things, but rather to aspire to heavenly and eternal treasures, and to follow pure religion, which was evident in certain monuments of the Prophets and Apostles. Thus, as a learned man fearing God, he understood that the pontifical servants, intoxicated with greed and ambition, not only neglected the doctrine handed down in the sacred books, but most shamefully corrupted many articles of faith, and with human traditions frighten sinners with wretched consciences cruelly torment, crucify and even to kill, to profane the Sacraments of Christ, to urge idolatries profitable to only themselves, and to only enforce the decrees of councils and writings of men. Therefore, he urged everyone to read the Bible instead, and to draw the saving water from that source rather than from the impure cisterns of men. For the Scriptures alone, adorned and confirmed by so many divine testimonies, can safely support consciences. He instilled these things into his household like a pious head of a family and explained the Catechism. He also admonished friends and household companions about the same matters modestly, piously, and gravely. And when the contrast had to be shown, according to Paul’s instruction to Titus 1, how many darknesses the pontifical doctors wrap about the chief heads of Christian faith, and how they twist and strangle innumerable souls like thieves and robbers with the bonds of their human traditions, he points with his finger; for where your faith is kindled by the Holy Spirit, there, as the rising sun brings forth the morning and daylight by Christ’s command, it pours forth and shows to others the way of salvation. And the Psalm says: I believed, therefore I have spoken.
However, this most gracious and clear revelation of divine truth was, to many, very welcome. For Biblical doctrine had long been rare with precious little preached. For during the sacrifices and the like, men in the temples were consumed with loud bellowing and murmurings of Masses. Sermons were either none or trivial, mostly about their saints and their miracles, which they considered, though quite foolish and ludicrous. The merit of Christ, in whom all consolation and salvation is placed for anxious sinners, was buried under human merits and largely forgotten. And to put it in one word, the whole religion was mere gain for Bishops and priests, where only these words were sounded: Give, bring, spend. To whom? To the prelates of the Church. Therefore, many came to Peter the Waldensian, a man distinguished by doctrine and piety, earnestly conversing with him about religion, hearing how he had established the household Church in Catechism and how they should invoke and celebrate God. But day by day, for the sake of learning the truth, they flocked to him in greater numbers, driven by extreme necessity. For in the temples, as we said, no explanations of articles of faith from the fountains of the Prophets and Apostles were made.
However, so that anyone might have the power to know the foundations of our salvation, Peter, being most learned, translated the Biblical books into the vernacular language of Gaul, and granted the power of writing to anyone. Therefore, many eagerly perused the sacred books and examined the foundations of the most important matters. Some add that he also translated certain writings of the Fathers into the vernacular language. Out of envy, the pontificate called Peter the Waldensian unlearned, lacking in professional skill.
The growing Church of Christ could not be long tolerated by the Devil. Therefore, the matter was brought to the priests and Bishops. For the priests heard that the laity, as they are commonly called, were citing the Holy Scriptures, rebuking impious worship, and doing so with such solidity and skill that the unlearned messengers had nothing to oppose. Therefore, they cried out for arms, lest the cult of the querulous themselves be brought into jeopardy.
Peter is forbidden, without any dispute or instruction, solely by the authority of the Ecclesiastics, from henceforth teaching the principles of Christian doctrine in his house, nor to admit anyone to listen; and he is most severely commanded not to disapprove of ecclesiastical worship in any way, unless he wishes to bring upon himself greater punishments.
Peter, since he was not convicted by any authority of the Holy Scriptures of any error or rashness, held that everyone was commanded to follow the voice of Christ, to study the Holy Scriptures, and to flee idolatry. Moreover, all Christians are priests, and it is the duty of parents to educate their own children in piety, especially since no public sermons are held or only impure ones. Also, this commandment exists in the sacred texts, that anyone should allow their own spring to flow forth. He declared himself conscious of no error or crime with those who diligently read and learn the Biblical writings. Finally, he showed that this demand of the spiritual authorities was unjust, and that one ought to obey God rather than men.
But now we will recite their propositions in the order in which they were asserted:
ON THE WORD OF GOD
In matters of faith, the authority of sacred Scripture is the highest, and for this reason, it is the standard of judgment, so that whatever does not agree with the word of God should rightly be rejected and avoided.
The dogmas of the Fathers and councils are to be affirmed only insofar as they agree with the word of God.
The reading and knowledge of the sacred Scriptures is free and necessary for all people, both lay and ordained men; indeed, the writings of the Prophets and Apostles are to be read rather than the commentaries of men.
ON THE SACRAMENTS
There are two sacraments of the Church of Christ, Baptism and the Lord’s Supper.
ON THE LORD’S SUPPER
The use of both kinds is instituted by Christ for priests and laypeople.
Masses are wicked and it is madness to offer masses for the dead.
ON PURGATORY
Purgatory is a human invention. For believers, indeed, there is eternal life; but for those who do not believe, eternal damnation.
ON INVOKING THE DEAD
The invocation and veneration of the dead saints is idolatry.
ON THE CHURCH
The Roman Church is the Whore of Babylon.
The Pope and Bishops are not to be obeyed because they are wolves of the Church of Christ.
The Pope does not have primacy over all the Churches of Christ, nor does he have the power of both swords.
The Church of Christ is that which hears the sincere word of Christ and uses the sacraments instituted by Him, wherever it may be located.
ON VOWS AND ORDERS
Vows are human inventions, nourishing Sodom. Orders are marks of the beast. Monasticism is a fetid corpse.
ON THE TRADITIONS OF MEN
So many superstitious dedications of temples, memorials of the dead, blessings of creatures, pilgrimages, so many forced fasts, so many unnecessary festivals, these perpetual noises of ignorant people, as well as the observances of other ceremonies, clearly hinder the doctrine and institution of the word; they are diabolical inventions.
ON THE MARRIAGE OF PRIESTS
The marriage of priests is lawful and necessary.
We bring forth these things from an ancient manuscript. More will be brought forth in the remaining Centuries from the observations of the Inquisitors, God willing. Indeed, the same things are also reported by John Bale from [the Carmelite Bishop and General Inquisitor] Guido Terrena of Perpignan.
Finally, when the Temple-dwellers, or rather the noisy Baalites, could obtain nothing by their terrors, they angrily excommunicated Peter [of Bruys] and his Church, as if they were stubborn schismatics or heretics, and atrociously attempted to punish them by physical force. They took away goods from the innocent, seized and killed some, while forcing others to convert. For by these arts the church of the Antichrist is especially distinguished, according to the prediction of Christ found in John 8. Therefore, by holding secret meetings the doctrine of the Waldensians was sown into other regions, namely to Narbonese Gaul and Lombardy; and as time progressed they proceeded further into other lands, despite the warnings of the hypocrites, as we read about the very ancient Church from ancient manuscripts and books, such as Aeneas Silvius’ Histories, Chronicon of John Nauclerus, and Robert Gaguin.
ON THE HERESIES OF THE ALBIGENSES
They call the Albigensian heretics Albienses, some Albianos, others Albingenses, others Albigesios, either according to the author, as Sabellicus judges, or named after a place in Gaul. Therefore, we consider the Albans and these Albingenses to have been one and the same sect. They also called them Bagnolenses, Baiolenses, Concordenses, or Cozorenses. (Bernard; Lucifer of Cagliari; Antoninus of Florence, Summa Theologica, 4th part, volume 1, title 11, chapter 7.)
They emerged around the year of our Lord 1206. Indeed, this heresy first began in Rome, (Sabellicus, volume 2, Ennead 9, book 6; Hartmann Schedel, in the Sixth Age).
But afterwards this sect spread widely. Especially it occupied the county of Toulouse, in which not only common people, but also distinguished men joined themselves to this belief.
This heresy also invaded England, according to the London Chronicle. It is to be lamented, however, that the heads and foundations of this sect have not been accurately recorded by writers. For there are many things which raise suspicion that they taught quite differently than their opponents have noted. But we shall review these as they have been conveyed in writing.
Some things, however, they are said to have taken from the Manichaeans, and some from Origen’s Peri Archon [On the First Principles]. Thus, they taught accordingly.
ON GOD
There are two principles: namely, the good God and the evil one — that is, the Devil, who creates all bodies; and the good God, who creates souls, (Caesarius of Heisterbach, the Cistercian, in Distinction 5 of the Dialogue of Miracles).
ON THE LORD’S SUPPER
The body of Christ is not present in the bread in any other way than in other things, (Æmyl., book 6).
ON BAPTISM
They reject baptism, (Caesarius).
ON PRAYING IN TEMPLES
To go into churches, or to pray in them, is of no benefit, (Caesarius).
ON THE CHURCH
That episcopal and papal assemblies are gatherings of criminals, and the pontifical Church is a congregation of the damned.
ON MARRIAGE
They condemned marriage: they regarded promiscuous intercourse and those wicked unions as holy.
ON THE RESURRECTION
They deny the resurrection of bodies. Whatever benefits are bestowed upon the dead by the living, they mock, (Cæsarius).
ON THE SOUL
They assert that the souls of deceased people pass through various bodies, even those of animals and serpents, if they have lived badly; but if they have lived well, into the body of a prince or another illustrious person, (Caesarius).
ON FOOD
They prohibit the eating of meat, (Vincent of Beauvais, Speculum Maius [The Great Mirror], book 30, chapter 9).
Furthermore, Bernard of Luxembourg ascribes to the Albigensians completely Cynic-like conduct — namely, that they soaked the Gospel book in urine and hurled it down from the wall onto their enemies, heaping on many insults.
The following doctrines are ascribed to the Albanenses [Albigensians] from Nicholas Eymerich’s Inquisitor’s Manual.
ON THE OLD TESTAMENT
The Old Testament is not from God.
ON GOD
There are two principles: one good, the other evil. The good is God who gives life and does not kill. The evil despises God and kills bodies.
ON CHRIST
That Christ is not God. That he did not take flesh from a virgin, but brought flesh down from heaven. That he was not a true man, nor truly ate. Nor did he have true sufferings, did not suffer on the cross, nor resurrected, nor ascended.
ON THE HOLY SPIRIT
That a man can give the Holy Spirit.
ON THE WORLD
That the world has always existed and will always exist.
ON MAN
That before the coming of Christ, there were no good men.
ON THE SOUL
That God neither creates nor infuses souls.
ON MOSES
That Moses was evil.
ON ADAM
That Adam was not from God.
ON SIN
That sin is not from free will.
ON ORIGINAL SIN
That original sin is nothing.
ON CONFESSION
That after sin, one cannot confess.
ON THE SACRAMENTS
They claim that the evil life of prelates renders the sacrament ineffective. That the sacrament of the altar [Eucharist] and of extreme unction is worthless.
ON BAPTISM
That baptism is of no efficacy.
ON THE CHURCH
That the Church cannot possess anything except in common.
That it cannot excommunicate.
That it should not persecute evildoers.
That it cannot make constitutions.
ON MARRIAGE
That marriage is evil.
ON USURY
That usury is not prohibited. Once taken, it is not to be returned.
ON THE RESURRECTION
There is no resurrection of the bodies.
CATHOLIC REFUTATION & EXTIRPATION
Innocent III, the Roman Pope, in the year of our Lord 1207, sent twelve abbots of the Cistercian order to the land of the Albigenses to eradicate this heresy. To these was added Didacus, Bishop of Oxford, who had Dominic with him, from whom the new order [Dominicans] was afterwards founded and named, as the Chronicle of Martin relates.
The synodal letter of the Council of Basel recounts that Dominic publicly debated with the Albigensians before the judges at the temple of Jupiter. Would that the record of that conversation still existed. From it, a clearer judgment on the whole controversy could be made.
But because the Albigensians would not yield to the doctrine and instruction of those legates, the Roman Pontiff also incites arms against them, ordering the heretics to be removed by cruel slaughter and devastation. And that this might be done the more ardently, he grants and bestows the cross upon those who would take up arms against the Albigensians, and specifically sanctified them, and proclaimed and collected great revenues everywhere, by which the armies may be supported. Moreover, he entrusted the care of conducting the war for his pontifical eminence in the person of St. Peter, (who cut off Malchus’ ear in the garden), to Leopold VI, Duke of Austria, and to Simon, Count of Montfort. These he furthermore joined with many others from Spain, Italy, Gaul and Germany. For that pontifical monarch, commanding all in the name of holiness, everyone sought at that time to obey; indeed, were compelled to do so. The Pope also had his legates in the army to govern his war counsels in his stead.
Béziers was the first to be attacked. The papal legates marked the people devoted to that sect with a charcoal mark and ordered that they either depart the city of their own accord or be driven out of it. But when this was not done, the city was taken by force and a general slaughter was made: that is, the innocent were slain together with the guilty. Then Carcassonne was occupied, its inhabitants ordered to leave wearing only their shirts, the rest of the loot lying open for plundering.
In the Castle of Minerve, one hundred and fifty men were burned alive.
At Albi in the year 1210 they at first surrendered themselves; however, since they retained those doctrines for which they were being disputed, the authors of the defection were beheaded. Vaur was also captured by force, its commander suspended by the ropes, nobles struck down with the axe: nor did the papal legates spare the women. For Girarda, the leading woman of that town, they hurled into a well and drowned her with stones cast from above. Vincentius says that she had conceived by her brother or son. Caréum, Apistagium, Galliacum, Causacum, Fanum Marcelli, Fanum Antonii, Modacum and other towns were stormed by force, with enormous slaughter inflicted.
At the same time in Paris, fourteen people, among whom were also priests, were accused of this heresy, and ten were handed over to the fire, (Vincent, book 29, chapter 106).
In London, one person of this sect was burned around the year 1210, Balæus reports from the London Chronicle.
In the year of our Lord 1211, the castle of Penne in Agenais, long besieged, was surrendered. Seventy-four soldiers were put to death by hanging; the rest, reluctant to return, were burned by fire, (Vincent, book three, chapter two).
In the year 1213, while the French were tied up in other wars, the Albigensians began to regain their strength. Raymond, count of Toulouse, and Peter, king of Aragon, came to their assistance. When Peter reached Muret on the Garonne River, the counts of Foix and Comminges quickly joined him with their nobles. Simon [de Montfort], however — accompanied by the exiled Bishops of Toulouse, Agde, Lodève, and Comminges — though outnumbered, commanded those Bishops to offer fervent prayers. He then engaged in battle and won a decisive victory: twenty thousand of the enemy were killed, while scarcely one of his own soldiers was lost, according to some writers.
Vincent, however, narrates that the King of Aragon, the Count of St. Giles, and the Count of Foix besieged Simon de Montfort in the castle of Miremont, and there, after the battle was joined, Simon slew about 17,000 men, losing only eight on his own side, (book 30, chapter 9).
The people of Avignon, who sided with this sect, faced Louis VIII, king of France. When they could not be swayed from their views by any other means, he finally attacked them in war in the seventh year [of his reign or the crusade], leveled their walls to the ground, and demolished three hundred houses. After leaving there, having decided to continue pursuing the Albigensians, he was struck by illness and died, (Michael Ritius, book 2, On the Kings of the Franks). These events occurred around A.D. 1228 per Robert Gaguin and Polydore Vergil.
This heresy lasted from the seventh year until the very end of the pontificate of Innocent III, (Blondus, book 6, Decade 2).
END